Male rats were used for the study. Overnight fasting was carried out prior to experimentation via the "two-hit" acute lung injury animal model. The rats were divided into six groups: the control group, the acute lung injury group, the prednisone group, and three groups that were administered varying doses of crude polysaccharides. Hemorrhagic shock was induced through blood withdrawal and resuscitation was done through the transfusion of the extracted blood. The researchers then injected lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to bring up the body temperatures of the rats, which were then euthanized several hours later.
The histologic examination revealed that prednisone, a synthetic corticosteroid used to treat inflammatory illnesses, was highly effective at reducing lung damage. A similar effect was observed in the lung tissues of the rats from the 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg crude chameleon plant polysaccharides groups. The researchers noted that both doses "significantly attenuated the neutrophil accumulation, alveolar wall thickening, and intra-alveolar exudation," all of which are markers of acute lung injury.
Further analysis revealed the extent of the crude chameleon plant polysaccharides' protective effects. The lung wet/dry weight ratio indicated that a reduction in pulmonary edema, while the lower protein concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed little change to pulmonary epithelial-endothelial barrier function. (Related: How safe are blood transfusions? Some experts warn of potentially deadly side effects.)
The effects on the neutrophils were of particular interest to the researchers. They explained that an overabundance of neutrophils would cause oxidants to spike, possibly causing an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance that could, in turn, accelerate the development of a lung injury. Based on this, the researchers stated in their study that "taking [crude chameleon plant polysaccharides] could reduce the pulmonary oxidative stress to modulate the oxidant-antioxidant balance."
As for the results of the LPS fever test, both crude chameleon plant polysaccharides and aspirin lowered the body temperatures and leukocyte levels of the rats. However, only the crude chameleon plant polysaccharides had any positive effect on the rats’ complement levels. This system, according to the researchers, consists of over 30 “plasma- and membrane-bound proteins” and is thought of as a “nonspecific host immune response.” They added that the activation of certain components could lead to the development or progression of certain autoimmune diseases, which makes controlling these components all the more essential.
"In conclusion, this study demonstrated that [crude chameleon plant polysaccharides] can ameliorate not only the 'two-hit' [acute lung injury], but also the LPS-induced fever in rats, both of which are associated with inhibition of the excessively activated complement system," wrote the researchers. Moreover, this plant was also deemed a “promising natural complement inhibitor” for the treatment of diseases caused by changes to the complement system.
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