Snails are one of the major agricultural pests in citrus orchards, causing damage to trees by feeding on both ripe and ripening fruits, as well as the leaves of young trees and tree bark. To keep them from climbing trees, farmers often use snail-repellent paints and molluscicide baits, such as metaldehyde and iron phosphate (ferricole). However, molluscicides are also toxic to animals and humans.
Metaldehyde, in particular, is toxic when ingested or inhaled. It can irritate the skin, eyes and mucous membranes of the upper airways and gastrointestinal tract. In humans, it can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, convulsions, coma and persistent memory loss for hours after ingestion. High acute exposure can also lead to tachycardia, respiratory panting, acute asthmatic reaction, high blood pressure, excessive urination and defecation, muscle tremors, cyanosis, acidosis, unconsciousness and more.
Meanwhile, iron phosphate can cause diarrhea, vomiting and depression. In severe cases, it can cause problems with blood pressure and heart rate that can lead to shock and even death. (Related: Latest FDA Pesticide Monitoring Report reveals that nearly 50% of food samples contain pesticide "residues.")
On top of this, these chemical treatments are expensive for citrus farmers.
Mineral oil works better than commercial snail treatments
To find a safer and more cost-effective alternative for controlling snails in citrus orchards, researchers from the Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in Iran looked at the effectiveness of mineral oil in suppressing damage caused by citrus white snails (Helica candeharica).
The team tested the effectiveness of mineral oil, metaldehyde, iron phosphate and the snail-repellent paint Sabzarang in a commercial citrus orchard in northern Iran. Ten days after application of the treatments, they counted the number of snails plaguing citrus trees. They continued monitoring the number of snails on the trees at intervals of six to eight days until harvest time.
In addition, they conducted a second study directly comparing mineral oil against metaldehyde.
In the first study, they counted the mean total number of snails found on citrus trees over an experimental period of 30 days. They found that mineral oil and the snail-repellent paint reduced the number of snails the most, with only an average of 4.9 and 8.4 snails per tree, respectively. Meanwhile, the trees treated with metaldehyde and iron phosphate had an average of 20.3 and 22.6 snails, respectively.
For the second study, they again found that the former reduced the number of snails best. The researchers counted only 4.2 snails per tree on average for trees treated with mineral oil compared to 16.7 per tree on average for those treated with metaldehyde.
Treating snails is cheaper with mineral oil
Beyond its effectiveness at keeping snails away from citrus trees, mineral oil is also more cost-effective than its commercial rivals.
The researchers came to this conclusion after comparing the cost of the material used for the treatment per tree, as well as the labor cost per hectare of orchard.
Mineral oil costs only $0.10 per tree – the cheapest among the treatments tested. The next cheapest was metaldehyde at $0.24 per tree, followed by the snail-repellent paint at $.033 per tree. Iron phosphate was the most expensive at $0.35 per tree.
The cost of molluscicides is higher due to them needing to be applied more times over the course of the experiment – eight applications per tree compared to one each for the mineral oil and snail-repellent paint. As such, the labor cost per hectare when using the former was $48 per hectare ($/ha) compared to just 25 $/ha when using the latter two.
In sum, mineral oil treatment only costs $55/ha while the other three cost more than $100/ha. Metaldehyde costs $120/ha, the snail-repellent paint cost $124/ha and iron phosphate costs $153/ha.
Based on these results, the researchers concluded that mineral oil is a much more effective and economical treatment for keeping snails away from citrus trees than toxic molluscicides.
Learn more about natural alternatives to chemical pesticides at OrganicFarming.news.
Watch the video below for tips on how to deal with garden pests naturally and organically.
This video is from the Nature's Always Right channel on Brighteon.com.
More related stories:
Stay vigilant: These garden pests can wipe out your plants in a hurry.
15 Ways to use spent coffee grounds on your homestead.
Tomato plants “eavesdrop” on snails to build preemptive defenses.
Sources include:
Please contact us for more information.
