The sensors in Kochevar's motor cortex read and record his thoughts about his arm. These thoughts are then relayed to a computer, and the computer in turn sends these signals to the electrical stimulation system. From there, impulses are directed into the wires implanted in Kochevar's right hand and arm which then perform the desired actions.
It took two years of testing and four months of practice before Kochevar could control his hand and arm. For the Cleveland resident, it was all worth it. “For somebody who’s been injured eight years and couldn’t move, being able to move just that little bit is awesome to me,” Kochevar stated. "I thought, 'Wow, amazing. I can move my arm again'."
The breakthrough that allowed Kochevar to regain some mobility in his arm was undertaken by the Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, and the University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. The clinical trial, BrainGate2, is the result of the combined efforts of these institutions and academics. One of their goals is to examine the possibility of utilizing brain-computer systems to help people suffering from paralysis. With Kochevar's help, they're making that noble goal a reality.
Robert Kirsch, chairman of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Case Western Reserve University, said that of Kochevar: “He’s really breaking ground for the spinal cord injury community. This is a major step toward restoring some independence.”
Kochevar himself is more than happy to contribute, having stated, “There are lots of endless possibilities. It's been wonderful and I'm really happy to do this." Though he can only use the technology a few hours each week at a VA Center lab, Kochevar is glad to be able to exercise his hand and arm. Years of disuse have caused his muscles to atrophy. However, he claims to have noticed an improvement in the endurance, range of motion, and strength of his arm.
With movement slowly being restored to his arm, Kochevar is doing more than just regaining use of upper limbs. He's providing hope for the millions of paralyzed people all over the world. In time, the technology Kochevar's using could very well become readily available for the public to use. The exact date for such a remarkable technological leap is unknown. But what is certain is that the only direction to go from here is up.
Fast facts
- BrainGate is a collaborative effort by neurologists, neuroscientists, engineers, and other researchers focusing on brain-computer interface technologies for those afflicted by neurological disease and injury. It is funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Veteran Affairs.
- Kochevar is far from being the first to have brain implants help him regain a small amount of mobility. In 2015, a man named Erik Sorto had implants placed into his brain that allowed him to drink beer with the assistance of a robot arm.
- Together with the brain, the spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The spinal cord's purpose is to transmit neural signals from the brain to the rest of the body.
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